生活化背景下的小学语文写作教学探究

  ◎    甘肃省陇南市宕昌县大寨九年制学校   牟红芳

摘要：对于小学生的写作活动开展来说，其大多数的素材往往都来源于自己的生活以及作文书，因此在小学语文写作中应用生活化教学理念是十分有必要的，不仅能够促进学生写作能力的提升，还能使其养成主动观察生活，从中获取素材的习惯。对此，本文分别从三个方面探讨了生活化背景下小学语文写作教学的策略，以此来为有关教育工作者提供参考与借鉴。

关键词：生活化；小学语文；写作教学

如今很多小学生在面对语文作文时，往往会存在着素材积累太少，不知如何下笔等问题。对此，教师一方面需要重视学生日常的习作训练，另一方面还需要借助于生活化教学理念，加强写作与学生生活之间的联系，以此来促进小学生作文写作水平的不断提高。那么，在生活化背景之下需要采取哪些策略开展小学语文写作教学，这正是本文接下来所要阐述的内容。

一、强化学生生活素材的积累

想要将生活化教育理念渗透到小学语文写作教学中来，教师首先可以从生活化写作素材的积累这一方面来着手对学生的写作能力进行培养，因为写作素材的积累是学生能够写好作文的前提与基础，如果没有足够丰富的写作素材作为支撑，那么学生们的语文写作就会成为无源之水、无本之木。而想要达到这一目的，除了需要让学生们通过阅读作文书来积累素材以外，还可以让学生们学会从生活中取材。

（1）让学生们在生活实践中积累素材

随着课程改革逐渐深入，当今我们的教育变得越来越开放，其学习的场所也不再限制于课堂之上，学生们在生活中依旧可以通过各种手段开展学习。具体来说，近些年来随着网络技术的不断发展，信息传递的速度得到了飞快地进步，因此学生们可以尝试将生活所听到的各种见闻来作为自己的写作素材，这样也能帮助学生视野得到拓展。同时，教师还可以组织学生们每学期开展以生活教育为主题的实践活动，从而让学生们更多地接触生活与大自然。在这一过程中，为了提升实践成果，教师还可以引导学生们对自己的所见所闻进行感悟，从而转化为深层次的思考^[1]。

（2）引导学生们学会观察身边的人与事

想要更好地促进学生在实际生活中写作素材的积累，教师还需要培养学生一定的观察能力。具体来说，需要让学生们认识到该观察什么？如何进行观察？这样才能让学生们对身边大自然的变化以及社会的发展有所感悟，并有效提升学生们认识事物的敏感度，从而在生活中获取素材积累。例如，一年四季都会循环转化，但是四季在变化过程中都有着自己显著的特征，比如景物的变化，这些都需要通过学生们的观察来得出。此外，学生周围的人也同样可以成为观察的对象，因为每一个人无论是外貌上还是性格上都有着自己显著的、不同于他人的特点，而通过对日常生活中人的观察，就能在一定程度上提升学生人物刻画人物的能力，从而促进其写作能力的提高。同时，教师还可以引导学生们如何对景物进行观察，比如按照由部分到整体、从上到下、由近及远、从外到内、由主要到次要来进行观察，这样就能使学生刻画景物的能力也得到提高。

二、与生活建立联系，营造生活写作氛围

在将生活化教学理念渗透到小学语文写作教学的过程中，教师可以通过生活化情境的建立来提升学生们的写作水平，从而加强语文写作与学生生活之间的联系，帮助学生们在生活中寻找作文素材，在生活中寻找写作灵感。在对生活化写作教学情境进行建立的过程中，能够极大地提升学生们的联想与想象能力，让学生们主动地将生活中的元素应用到自己的写作中，从而拓展学生们的作文思路，丰富学生们的作文素材，促进其写作水平的不断提升。  

具体来说，比如在对以“父爱”为话题的作文进行创作的过程中，教师首先可以向学生们讲述自己与父亲之间的亲身经历，从而通过生活情境的构建勾起学生们对自己父亲的回忆，然后鼓励学生们将自己与自己父亲之间发生的趣事进行讲述，并将其转变为写作中的素材，以此来提升学生们的作文素材收集与转化的能力，促进其写作能力的不断提高^[2]。再比如，在布置景物描写类的小作文习作时，为了让学生们更加自如地通过文字对自然景物进行描写，教师可以借助于互联网，为学生们搜集相应的动植物景象，然后通过多媒体设备以视频或图片的方式展现在学生们面前，期间再配合声乐进行播放，这样就能为学生们带来身临其境的感受，提升学生们对景物描写的信心，促进学生写作兴趣的培养。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

三、培养学生们观察人物以及景物的习惯

对于大多数小学生来说，人物形象的刻画与描写具有一定的困难，因为人物的形象都是十分复杂的，除了外貌形象以外，还包括了性格以及情感表达方面的特点。而为了有效提升学生们的人物刻画与描写能力，促进其语文写作水平的提高，教师可以让学生们观察日常生活中的每一个人，并对其外貌特征以及性格特点等进行总结。同时，还可以专门布置一些以人物观察为主题的写作任务，比如让学生们观察自己的父母，其中除了基本的外貌形象的观察以外，还需要对人物的行为、情绪、以及性格进行观察，这样才能帮助学生们学会从不同的角度对人物形象进行刻画，从而促进学生写作水平的提高以及生活观察能力的培养。

在作文中除了对人物的刻画与描写以外，对景物的描写也十分普遍。因此，教师可以利用小学生好奇心较强的特点，让学生们对身边的动物、植物以及景物进行观察。具体来说，包括对植物形象、外形变化的观察；对动物外形、生活习性的观察；以及对身边景物特点的观察等^[3]。然后让学生们基于自己的观察结果来开展写作练习，将动植物以及身边的景物作为自己的写作素材。除此之外，教师还可以带领学生们走进大自然，引导学生们去观察自己日常生活中具有特色的景物，比如夕阳、蓝天白云等，以此来培养学生对生活事物的观察能力，让学生们更加热爱生活，促进其写作水平的不断提高。

综上所述，将生活化教学理念引入到小学语文写作教学中，能够对学生写作能力与作文水平的提高带来很大的帮助。对此，就需要强化学生日常生活素材的积累、与生活建立联系，营造生活写作氛围、以及培养学生们观察人物以及景物的习惯。这样就能充分发挥生活化教育理念在小学语文写作教学中的价值，让学生学会在生活中进行学习，形成从生活中获取素材的习惯。

参考文献：

[1]  韩梅. 基于生活化视角的小学语文写作教学模式探究[J]. 读与写：下旬, 2021(6):1.

[2]卡多卓玛. 基于生活化视角的小学语文写作教学模式分析[J]. 爱情婚姻家庭：教育科研, 2021(2):1.

[3]郝本信. 生活化背景下的小学语文写作教学探究[J]. 文学教育, 2017(19):2.